Toxic Tonnage: How the Dark Fleet puts the world at environmental & economic risk
The “Dark Fleet” exposes financial institutions to sanctions violations, lawsuits, and losses. Learn how to mitigate these hidden risks.
Confirmation to any modern-day documentary credit is an essential risk mitigation tool for a beneficiary that enables it to deal with its customer across the globe. Adding confirmation to a credit enables a beneficiary to mitigate country risk and bank risk of the issuing bank. When a credit is confirmed by a bank preferable or acceptable to a beneficiary, usually in a different country, this confirmation provides the beneficiary a definite undertaking from the confirming bank, in addition to that of issuing bank, to get payment for a complying presentation. This undertaking is autonomous from the confirming bank’s ability to attain reimbursement from the issuing bank. This independence stands even if the issuing bank becomes insolvent and/or the country turns into a default state.
To maintain autonomy between the undertaking of the issuing bank and confirming bank, UCP600 contains two separate rules (Article 7 and 8) in addition to its Article 2 definitions of the term ‘Confirming Bank’ and the concept of ‘Confirmation’.
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